Large-scale analysis of the integration of enhancer-enhancer signals by promoters

Large-scale analysis of the integration of enhancer-enhancer signals by promoters

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Genes The Haunted House in Contemporary Filmic and Literary Gothic Narratives of Trauma are often regulated by multiple enhancers.It is poorly understood how the individual enhancer activities are combined to control promoter activity.Anecdotal evidence has shown that enhancers can combine sub-additively, additively, synergistically, or redundantly.However, it is not clear which of these modes are more frequent in mammalian genomes.

Here, we systematically tested how pairs of enhancers activate promoters using a three-way combinatorial reporter assay in mouse embryonic stem cells.By assaying about 69,000 enhancer-enhancer-promoter combinations we found that enhancer pairs generally combine near-additively.This behaviour was conserved across seven developmental promoters tested.Surprisingly, these promoters scale the enhancer signals in a non-linear manner that depends on promoter strength.

A housekeeping promoter showed Gas Transport in Shale Nanopores with Miscible Zone an overall different response to enhancer pairs, and a smaller dynamic range.Thus, our data indicate that enhancers mostly act additively, but promoters transform their collective effect non-linearly.